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The lotus mandala form was probably invented in northeastern India, from where most surviving examples derive. This mandala exhibits features typical for that region, including the shape of the lotus petals, the scrollwork at the sides of the stem, and the copper alloy used. At the center of its blossom is the divine couple Hevajra and Nairatmya. They are surrounded by eight yoginis dancing on the petals. On the outside of the petals are eight cemetery grounds, each presided over by a highly accomplished Tantric Buddhist adept, or mahasiddha, as is common for both two- and three-dimensional mandalas.
Lotus Mandala of Hevajra
OriginNortheastern India
Date12th century
Dimensions12 3/8 × 7 5/8 × 6 5/8 in.
MediumCopper alloy
Classification(s)
Credit LineRubin Museum of Art
Object numberC2003.10.2
Himalayan Art Resources Number65207
DescriptionLotus mandalas count among the most fascinating objects of Esoteric Buddhist art. These three-dimensional representations of deity palaces typically feature a deity at the center of the flower that stands atop a tall stem, with that deity’s retinue placed on hinged petals around him or her. The sculpture’s mechanical hinges allow for those petals to close around the central deity so that the sculpture resembles a flower bud. Housing the deities in a lotus, a symbol of purity, serves as an ideal metaphor for the perfection of their palatial habitat as envisioned in meditative practice.The lotus mandala form was probably invented in northeastern India, from where most surviving examples derive. This mandala exhibits features typical for that region, including the shape of the lotus petals, the scrollwork at the sides of the stem, and the copper alloy used. At the center of its blossom is the divine couple Hevajra and Nairatmya. They are surrounded by eight yoginis dancing on the petals. On the outside of the petals are eight cemetery grounds, each presided over by a highly accomplished Tantric Buddhist adept, or mahasiddha, as is common for both two- and three-dimensional mandalas.
Not on view
2012-2013
19th century (?)
13th century
late 19th century
15th century
15th century
18th century
16th century
14th century
ca. 1415-1435
ca.1500
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